Aeroplane.



H. B. CHALMERS.

AEROPLANE.

APPLICATION FILED was. 1910.

Llaomo Patented July 13, 1915.

r r m 46 w 1% 36B 4 HARRY 1B. CHALMERS, OF DEDHAM, MASSACHUSETTS.

AEROPLANE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 13, 19 15 Applicationfiled August fi, 1910. Serial No. 575,320.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, HARRY B. CHALMERS,

a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Dedham, in the countyof Norfolk and State of Massachusetts, United States of America, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Aeroplanes, of which thefoil wing is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in aeroplanes, and its object is toimprove upon apparatus of this kind, and to provide a. simpleconstruction arranged for a novel method of control which shall haveadvantages over such devices as have been hitherto known in the art.

I will describe my invention in the followa ing specification and pointout the novel features thereof in the appended claims.

Referring to the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of an aeroplanemade according to my invention. vation of'the same apparatus. In Fig. 3I have shown the apparatus again in front elevation with some of itsparts shown in different positions to illustrate one of its novclfeatures of control. Fig. l is a plan view of the apparatus. Fig. 5 is adiagrammatic view of the device in front elevation. This figureillustrates the. automatic balancing effect of the vertical plane.

Like eharactersof reference designate corresponding parts in all of thefigures.

In the form of my invention which is shown more or less diagrammaticallyin the drawings there is a horizontal rectangular frame 10 upon whichare supported the en-- gin'e '20, the operators seat 21. and the con'trol handle From the f'm'ward corners of the frame are two uprights 11which are inclined backward and toward each other and are joined attheir upper ends.

12 is a horizontal spar which is affixed to the uprights 11." lts outerends are braced to the frame 10 by wires 13, and to the upper ends .ofthe uprights 11 by wires 14. From these outer ends of the spar 12 rigidbraces 15 run back to the rear hearing 23 of the shaft Q-fof thepropeller 25. The,

forward bearing .26 for this shaft is supported by a bracket which isalso aflixed to the braces 15. From the rear corners of the. frame 10are supports 16 which run up to and are. aflixcd to the braces 15. Themotor shaft is n'ovidcd with an outboard bearing 27 which is connectedwith the frame 10 Fig. .2 is a front ele- I by braces 17, and with thebearing 23 by a strut 18.

The parts which have just form a rigid frame for supporting the otherparts of the apparatus. The control handle, the motor and its shaft, andthe propeller and its shaft are the only movable parts which have beenpointed out. These shafts are suitably connected by means of pulleys anda belt, or by means of sprockets and a chain.

30 is an upper horizontal plane which comprises two or more longitudinalbattens 31, all of which are affixed to the central cross-spar 12, andthe ends of which are connected together by means of cross-battens Theframe thus formed may be braced and stiffened by means of wires in theusual manner. and then covered with cloth or other suitable material.

Wires 38 run from the end battens 32 up over pulleys 34 which aresupported on the upper ends of the uprights 1 1, thence down under apulley 35 back of seat 21 and to an arm 29 which is rigidly affixed toand depends from the post of the control handle which is supported at 29with the frame 10 by means of a universal joint. It may be seen that bythis arrangement a backward pull upon the control handle 22 will causethe ends of the upper plane to be raised so that this plane will be bentinto some such position as that indicated by dotted lines at 30 inFig. 1. Similar wires 36 from the forward cross-batten 32 to the arm 38,and wires 37 from the fear cross-battens 3E2 un der a pulley 38 on thestrut 18 to the post of the control handle 92 serve to pull the ends ofthe plane down into' the position shown in dotted lines at 30 when thehandle is pushed forward.

40 designates a flexible vertical plane which is supported and actuatedby the parts which will now be described.

41 is a horizontal rod' or still wire running between the longitudinalbattens 31 near the forward end of the upper or horizontal plane.

42 is an arm the lower end of which is held fixed in relation to theupper plane by wires 45). but the upper end of which is arranged toslide laterally upon the rod ll. lf de sired a rod l4- (Fig. 1) may berun .from

been described the cross-spar 12 to the upper end ofthe arm 42. 45 isanother arm at the rear end 110 of the lower end of arm 46 tobe lowerends of the fshafta 50 designates wires from the lower end,

a the machine, the lower end ofwhich is pivoted to the strut 18 sothat'its upper end may have a lateral movement. An, intermediate arm 46is pivoted to the cross-spar 12 with its lower end so arranged that itof the .arm 46 which run over pulleys 51 .on theuprights ll-and areaflixed to the .post of the control handle. These are so "arrangedthatwhen the handle is pushedover to one side or the other the lower endof the arm 46 will be moved in the opposite direction.

52 designates wires running from the lower end of the arm' 46 overpulleys 53 on the side battens 31, and to the upper end of the arm 42.These cause the movement transmitted to the upper end of arm 42 but inthe opposite direction.

54 designates wires running from the lower end of arm 46 over pulleys 55on the braces 15', and to: the upper end of the-arm These are soarranged that when the lower end'ofarm 46 is moved in one direction orthe other the upper end of arm 45 will be moved thereby in the oppositea direction.

From the above it may be seen that when the operator pushes the controlhandle 22 to one side, the lower end of the arm 46 will be moved over'tothe opposite side but the upper ends of the arms 42 and 45 will be movedto the same side as thecontrol handle.

The lower vertical plane will then assume some such position as that inwhich it is shown'in Fig. 3 and in dotted lines in Fig.

4 and designated by 40'. Thus an apparatus is formed which comprises twoplanes Y at substantially right-angles to eachother which are providedwith means operable from a single control handle for bending either orboth of the planes. This bending of the planes is for the purposeof'steering theapparittus vertically and horizontally.

I When the operator desires to go up he pulls the control handle back,and when be desires to go down he pushes it forward. This partof theoperation in no way effects a lateral stability of the apparatus as'domany of the devices in use in other machines of th s character.

Also, bv the same control handle,

".These considerable separation pulley on the propeller one skilled inthe art to or the pendently or simultaneously. In the peculiararrangement which I is maintained automatically asthe burden of support.is thrown uponthe inner wing which counteracts the tendency ofcentrifugal force to upset'the apparatus inwardly.

The vertical plane prevents sidewise glidhave provided for ending thevertical plane, lateral stability he may steer the machine to one sideother by pushing the handle over to the side toward which he desires toturn;

operations maybe performed indeing which has previously prevented any rof the center 'of gravity and the center of upwardthrust'or. uplift. i

In Fig. 5 theefi'ect' of thevertical plane to insure stability is showndiagrammatiforces produced by relative cally. The movement .of theapparatus to the air through which it is moving are represented byarrows, and the aeroplane is shown in a tilted position. Itmay be seenthat fewer of these forces act on the high side of the apparatus, andthatthese have a tendency to glide off. On the lowside, more of theseforces take effect and these have a maximum efiect as they .are pocketedand therefore have ,a strong tendency to right the apparatus.

however, it

- .95 i I have simply outlined the parts of'this f ing said planetransversely throughout its length to guide the aeroplane horizontally.

2. An aeroplane having a vertical plane and means for moving both theupper forward portion and the upper rear portion of said plane to oneside and the lower central part thereof to the opposite side.

3 An aeroplane comprising a substantially horizontal main plane, asingle vertical longitudinal plane .below said main plane, and meansforbending the vertical longitudinal plane to direct the movement of theaeroplane horizontally and. for bendmg the entire main planelongitudinally throughout its length to guide the aeroplane vertically.v

4. An aeroplane comprising a main plane, a secondary plane depending atsubstantially right-angles from the central longitu dinalaxis of themain plane. and mechanism for bending the front and rear ofthe upperedge of said secondary plane to either side of said axis and the centralpart of the lower edge thereof in the opposite direction to the oppositeside of said axis. 7

inae'me' 5. An aeroplane having a substantially horizontal main plane,means for bending said plane longitudinally throu hout its length, asingle centrally dispose vertical plane directly under saidmain plane,and means for bending said vertical plane longitudinally. l I r I 6. Anaeroplane having a substantially horizontal main lane, means for bendingsaid plane longitudinally throughout its length, a vertical single planedepending longitudinallyirbin the central part of said main plane,= and.means for bending said vertical plane longitudinally throughout itslength.

7. An aeroplane having a substantially horizontal main plane,,,means'for bending said plane lrngitudinally throughout its length, a verticalplane, -means\for bending said vertical plane longitudinally, and asingle control handle by means of which the bending. ofboth of saidplanes may be ac complished.

8. An aeroplane having a substantially horizontal main plane, means forbending said plane longitudinally throughout its length, a verticalplane depending longitudinally from the central part of said main plane,means for bending said vertical plane longitudinally throughout itslength, a single control handle, a support therefor arrangedto ermitsaid handleto be moved back and whereby the bending of both planes maybe accomplished.

9. An aeroplane comprising a horizontal plane, a vertical. stabilityplane of substantial proportions, connections to the central portion ofsaid last plane whereby itmay be rocked, and connections from saidcentral portion to the upper ends of said plane whereby movements may beimpartedto the upper forward and rear ends of said plane in the oppositedirection. 4

In testimonv whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

HARRY B. CHALMERS. Witnesses:

ELLA TUoH, MARIE L. BRESLIN.

I orth and sidewise, and connec- .tionsbetween the handle and the planes

